Republicans are preparing to use budget reconciliation once again to push through key legislative priorities, as Democrats continue to oppose funding for immigration enforcement. The process allows legislation to bypass the Senate filibuster, but it comes with strict rules that could limit what can be included. The GOP previously used reconciliation to pass President Donald Trump’s major legislative package last year, but the process proved difficult and time-consuming. Lawmakers now face a similar challenge in aligning both chambers on what should be included in a new bill and how expansive it should be, Fox News reported. Trump backed the strategy again this week, calling on Republicans to act quickly as Congress approaches the end of the Department of Homeland Security shutdown. He urged lawmakers to deliver a bill to his desk by June 1 and framed the effort as critical to border security.

“We are going to work as fast and as focused as possible to replenish funding for our Border and ICE agents, and the Radical Left Democrats won’t be able to stop us,” Trump said. His comments come as negotiations continue over how to fund Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Customs and Border Protection operations. Republicans are considering using the reconciliation process to address a wide range of issues, including immigration funding, fraud, tax provisions, healthcare, tariffs, agriculture spending, and election-related measures. However, expanding the bill beyond core priorities could complicate passage in the Senate, where procedural limits are strictly enforced. Senate Majority Leader John Thune said the legislation must remain focused to move quickly and secure enough support. He warned that adding too many provisions could slow down the process or reduce the chances of success.

“Our theory of the case behind all this was to keep that thing as narrow and focused as possible,” Thune said. “There will probably be some attempts to add things, but it’s probably not a likely magnet for all these other issues.”

Senate Budget Committee Chairman Lindsey Graham suggested Republicans may pursue multiple reconciliation bills to avoid crowding too many priorities into one package. He said one bill could focus on border and immigration funding, with another expected later in the year targeting fraud and waste.

“We want to do it quick — ICE, Border Patrol — fund it as much as you can, multi-year,” Graham said. “Then there’s another one coming in the fall, and that’s going to be about going after fraud.”

House Republicans have already discussed a follow-up package, sometimes referred to as “reconciliation 2.0,” that could include additional policy priorities beyond immigration. However, proposals that do not directly impact federal spending could be ruled out under Senate reconciliation rules.

The Republican Study Committee has also pushed to include measures addressing affordability and funding for national security. Lawmakers said they want to balance advancing the president’s agenda with keeping the bill viable under Senate guidelines.

Some Republicans have floated adding the Safeguarding American Voter Eligibility Act, but that effort faces significant hurdles given unified Democratic opposition. The legislation also may not qualify under reconciliation rules, which limit provisions to those directly tied to budgetary impacts.

Sen. Roger Marshall said the bill should remain narrowly focused on immigration funding, acknowledging that broader additions may not survive the process. He emphasized that funding ICE for the long term should be the top priority for Republicans.

“It’s got to be targeted to fund ICE for 10 years — I think that’s the number one thing for us,” Marshall said. “The parliamentarian is not going to let us do the SAVE Act. That’s just an impossibility.”

Rep. Ralph Norman said Republicans should push forward despite the challenges, arguing that voters are watching how Congress handles the issue. He suggested that even partial progress could be preferable to inaction.

“The American people are watching,” Norman said. “Piecing it together just to try to get a piece.”